Mothers Day Quotes - What Writers Say About Mothers

What do the writers have to say about Mothers Day? From Edgar Allan Poe to Washington Irving, read what famous writers have written about their mothers. Writers Quotes The heart of a mother is a deep abyss at the bottom of which you will always find forgiveness. - Honore de Balzac (1799-1850) Youth fades; love droops, the leaves of friendship fall; A mothers secret hope outlives them all. - Oliver Wendell Holmes (1809-1894) The real religion of the world comes from women much more than from men - from mothers most of all, who carry the key of our souls in their bosoms. - Oliver Wendell Holmes (1809-1894) Where we love is home--home that our feet may leave, but not our hearts. - Oliver Wendell Holmes (1809-1894) A mother is the truest friend we have, when trials, heavy and sudden, fall upon us; when adversity takes the place of prosperity; when friends who rejoice with us in our sunshine, desert us when troubles thicken around us, still will she cling to us, and endeavour by her kind precepts and counsels to dissipate the clouds of darkness, and cause peace to return to our hearts. - Washington Irving (1783-1859) Whatever else is unsure in this stinking dunghill of a world a mothers love is not. - James Joyce (1881-1941) Let us be grateful to people who make us happy, they are the charming gardeners who make our souls blossom. - Marcel Proust (1871-1922) Mother is the name for God in the lips and hearts of little children. - William Makepeace Thackeray (1811-1863) All women become like their mothers. That is their tragedy. No man does. Thats his. - Oscar Wilde (1854-1900), The Importance of Being Earnest, 1895 How have mothers influence the lives of writers? How have women writers balanced the demands of motherhood with the need to write? And, what have authors written about their mothers? Celebrate mothers in literature! Mothers in LiteratureTo My Mother - Edgar Allan PoeMother o Mine - Rudyard KiplingMother and Babe - Walt WhitmanMothers Day Proclamation - Julia Ward HoweAh, Woe is Me, My Mother Dear - Robert BurnsLittle Women - Louisa May AlcottEmilys Mother  - Emily Dickinson

War Destruction on Combatents in Kurt Vonnegut´s...

The effects of war are devastating for those who experience it. The wake of destruction left behind by bloody conflicts can traumatize any onlooker; those who face the fighting firsthand are often permanently affected by the horrors they witness. Frequently, combatants require special treatment for the psychological torment that can follow intense fighting. Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five explores the harmful effects of isolation, imprisonment, and oppression through a soldier’s perspective. Sections of Vonnegut’s novel take place during World War II: the bloodiest war ever fought. The story follows Billy Pilgrim, a young man who is forced to fight overseas despite the rough conditions he will face. Billy joins his regiment as â€Å"it [is] in the process of being destroyed by Germans† (Vonnegut 40), and Vonnegut’s description of Billy accentuates his lack of preparation. He is given very little combat training, ill-fitting clothes, and is not e ven supplied with a firearm (Vonnegut 41). From the beginning, Billy is isolated from the other troops in a way because he is not as well prepared as the others. During a scouting mission after the devastating Battle of the Bulge, Billy is separated from his group and left with another scout, Roland Weary. This is when Billy’s physical isolation begins, chronologically speaking. Billy and Roland inadvertently separate themselves from their squadron and begin to wander around behind enemy lines. Unlike Roland, however, Billy seems to

Diana Baumrinds Parenting Styles in Psychology - 784 Words

In the early 1960’s, the psychologist Diana Baumrind identified the three parenting styles in psychology, authoritarian parenting, authoritative parenting, and permissive parenting. All of these parenting styles are seen today throughout everyone’s lives. All of these parenting styles can affect a person differently and studies have shown that depending on what style a person has been raised with can affect whom that person becomes and how they behave in life. The first style of parenting is authoritarian parenting. In this style of parenting, children are expected to do exactly what they are told with no exceptions. The child has a very strict set of rules and very limited freedom. These parents have established rules and guidelines for their child and expect them to be followed. If a child fails at something, the failure usually results in some form of punishment. Not only that but when this failure happens, most of the time the parents do not explain the why and how they failed and do not help them to find a solution to the problem. Authoritarian parents normally do not explain the reason for their rules or why they have been set in place, they just expect the child to follow these guidelines and not break them. If the child asks for an explanation for something, such as why they did something wrong, or why they have certain rules, most of these parents will say, because I made the rules and you need to follow them, or figure it out. They never really give aShow MoreRelatedDiana Baumrind2963 Words   |  12 PagesDiana Blumberg Baumrind is a clinical and developmental psychologist that specializes in parenting styles. Baumrind was born on August 23, 1927 in a small Jewish community in New York City; she was the first of two daughters born to Hyman and Mollie Blumberg. Baumrind earned a B.A. in philosophy at Hunter College in 1948. She later received her M.A. and Ph. D. in Psychology at the University of California, Berkley; she studied developmental, clinical, and social psychology. Her doctoral dissertationRead MoreThe Fbi Behavior Analysis Unit1443 Words   |  6 PagesKarley Pecosky Psychology Parenting Styles The FBI Behavior Analysis Unit can profile a person down to the type of household they grew up in. Behavior as an adult, especially of a psychopath, is usually in correlation to a traumatic event of their childhood, usually involving their parents. The FBI has the ability to analyze all the behaviors of a person and tell you what kind of car they are mostly likely to drive, what profession they are most likely involved in, and in most cases, links toRead MoreThe Theory Of Psychology And Psychology859 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout long history of psychology, there are many brilliant and remarkable psychologists who grew psychology longing as 21st century, today. They have contributed many theories, ideas, and experiments that made study of human mind and behavior much more noble and interesting. As psychology grow older and older, there are many different types of branches that were created, such as psychoanalysis, behavior, cognitive, evolutionary, and developmental. Each branche s have changed way society worksRead MoreDiana Baumrind s Effect Of Parenting Styles On Children Essay1312 Words   |  6 PagesDiana Baumrind’s effect of parenting styles on children Baumrind was born into a Jewish community in the New York’s Jewish enclaves. She was the first two daughters of Hyman and Mollie Blumberg. Diana, the eldest in an extended family of female cousins, inherited the role of eldest son, which allowed her to participate in serious conversations about philosophy, ethics, literature, and politics. She completed her B.A. in Psychology and Philosophy at Hunter College in 1948, and her M.A. and Ph.D. inRead MoreTaking a Look at Different Parenting Styles757 Words   |  3 Pagesway they do† (Belsky, 2005)? When it comes to parenting, the demeanor and strategies, in which parents practice, in order to efficiently integrate their children into society defines parenting style. Studies encompassing parenting styles show that no two styles are considered similar. Jay Belsky, professor of psychology, uses his process model of the determinants of parenting to emphasize, â€Å"the social-contextual factors and forces that shape parenting † (Belsky, 2005). According to Belsky, these parentalRead More Parenting Style of the Watsons Essay1711 Words   |  7 Pages Parenting styles are very important in influencing children’s behavior, and the styles form the context in which children’s behavior might occur (Fox para. 2). There are four different types of parenting styles. These styles, developed by child psychologist Diana Baumrind, who provides a majority of the information found in the book Understanding Children and Adolescents,include authoritative, permissive, authoritarian, and neglectful/uninvolved (Forsyth 376). In the extremely funny children’sRead MoreParenting Styles And Its Effect On Children Essay1382 Words   |  6 Pageson how we were raised, or how we raise-or plan on raising-our own children. With this said it is undeniable that parenting styles and their effectiveness vary. In research, parenting styles have been split into four categories the authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and the uninvolved. Within these categories, researches have attempted to map the effectiveness of parenting sty les and the positive and negative outcomes of each. Despite the eclectic and commonly erratic nature of family structuresRead MoreParenting Styles in Differnt Cultures2804 Words   |  12 PagesParenting Styles in Different Cultures Elizabeth L. Walsh Psychology 223 Parenting style is one of many factors that strongly influence child development. One’s choice of parenting style is most often molded by their cultural background. American parents use a myriad of parenting styles, all of which have their roots in various cultural beliefs about which method is best to raise a child. In 1971, clinical and developmental psychologist, Diana Baumrind, recognized three different categories ofRead MoreParenting Styles And Its Effects On A Child s Development1220 Words   |  5 PagesResearch in parenting styles has found a large amount of correlation between parenting behavior and certain long-term outcomes for children. Specifically, parenting styles have been shown to correlate to a child’s obedience level, school competence, delinquency, violence, sexual activity, antisocial behavior, alcohol and substance abuse, depression, anxiety, and self-perception. The members of your family are the most prevalent relationships you will have in your life. Therefore, they will have theRead MoreYouth Violence : A Growing Issue Of The United States1470 Words   |  6 PagesParenting Matters Youth violence has become a growing issue in the United States. According to the U.S. Secret Service, â€Å"in the previous decade, the odds of a high school student being injured or threatened with a weapon were about 1 in 14, and the odds of a teen being in a physical fight were 1 in 7† (Youth Violence Statistics 18). Statistics has also proven that youth violence and bullying within school environment intensified in recent years and has remained high. Indeed, youth themselves are

Orders/Customer Service 1

Orders/Customer Service: 1-800-idgames (1-800-434- Essay ad 2637) (24 hours 7 days a week, Closed holidays) (7AM 11PM, 7 days a week, Closed holidays) Note: If you purchased this game in a store please call 212-686-9432. (Open 7:30am 5:00pm GMT, Monday Friday) United Kingdom: 0800-834-619 France: 0590-86-12 Germany: 0130-81-32-65 Spain: 900-97-4423 Italy: 1678-77-243 French speaking: +44-1429-268207 English speaking: +44-1429-860814 German speaking: +44-1429-268218 (Open 7:30am 5:00pm GMT, Monday Friday) English Speaking: +44(0)1429-521004 German Speaking: +44-1429-521001 French Speaking: +44-1429-521000 Italian Speaking: +44-1429-521003 Spanish Speaking: +44-1429-521002 News: rec.games.computer.doom. announce Info/FAQs/reviews about DOOM (Moderated) rec.games.computer.doom.help DOOM Help Service (new players welcome) rec.games. computer.doom.misc Talking about DOOM and id Software rec.games.computer.doom. editing Editing and hacking DOOM-related files rec.games.computer.doom.playing Playing DOOM and user-created levels Official id Software distribution site: ftp.idsoftware. com 192.246.40.6 Oregon: ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/doom/ (Primary Site) 128. 193.2.13 California: ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/doom/ 192.216. 222.5 Taiwan: ftp://nctuccca.edu.tw/PC/games/DOOM/ 140.111.1. 10 South Africa: ftp://ftp.sun.ac.za/pub/msdos/doom/ 146.232.212. 21 Austria: ftp://flinux.tu-graz.ac.at/pub/doom/ 129.27.2. 237 Germany: ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/pc/msdos/doom/ 131.188.1.43 Netherlands: ftp://ftp. sls.wau.nl/pub/msdos/doom/ 137.224.127.2 Sweden: ftp://ftp. luth.se/pub/doom/ 130.240.18.2 G. Britain: ftp://ftp. dungeon.com/pub/msdos/games/doom/ 193.130.144.1 Wisconsin: ftp://ftp.uwp. edu/pub/incoming/id/ 131.210.1.4 -various files from users and iD (not organized at all!) Pennsylvania: ftp://smb130.rh.psu. edu/pub/doom/ 128.118.192.69 -mirror newwads,deu,multi_doom, NEWSTUFF Missouri: ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/pub/MSDOS_UPLOADS/ 128. 252.135.4 -a little of this, a little of that (a total mess!) Australia: ftp://ftp. next.com.au/pub/doom/game 203.8.88.5 -DOS and SGI versions of DOOM G. Britain: ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/ibmpc/games/id/ 158.152.1. 44 -DOOM/DOOM patches DHS: http://www.cee.hw.ac.uk/mapleson/doom/doom.html Help Archive: http://www. cee.hw.ac.uk/mapleson/doom/doomhelp.zip http://www.cedar. buffalo.edu/kapis-p/doom/DoomGate.html http://www.cis.ksu.edu/trm/doom. html http://www.catt.ncsu.edu/users/deftly/www/doom.html http://www.cs. hmc.edu/people/tkelly/docs/doom/ -DOOMWeb Node (not very up-to-date) http://lilly.ping.de/sven/doom.html -DOOMWeb Node, Modem Doomers Hang-Out, lots of links http://www.cee. hw.ac.uk/mapleson/doom/doom.html http://www.york.ac. uk/mmar1/doom/doom_level_design.html -misc. stuff about Doom level design http://www.montefiore.ulg.ac. be/quinet/games/doom-en.html -Raphael Quinets DOOM Page (DEU stuff, etc.) http://www.utk.edu/williams/bestwads.html -lists and links to the best . wad files http://www.cam-orl.co.uk/fms/dht.html -Mantis DOOM Page links, etc. http://cres1. lancs.ac.uk/esasb1/doom/ http://venom.st.hmc.edu/tkelly/doomfaq/ http://www. cmpharm.ucsf.edu/troyer/sgidoomfaq.html http://jcomm.uoregon.edu/stevev/Linux-DOOM-FAQ. html ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/vh/vhold/doom/doom.html -The Original Unofficial DOOM Site, various links Special thanks to Mike Newton for compiling the above lists. Bibliography: .

Research Proposal on Recycling Research Paper Example

Research Proposal on Recycling Paper Recycling is the utilization of the product and the use of its waste materials for the production of the new goods with the purpose to economize energy and resources. In the modern post industrial age it is important to save the natural environment from the impact of the human activity and the unreasonable use of the natural resources. Naturally, in order to produce goods and services people require resources, which are often exhaustible ones or need much time to restore and renovate themselves. The extensive use of the natural resources has an extremely negative influence on the ecological condition of the planet. Enormous areas of forests are cut down for the various purposes and the quantity of the forests reduces all the time, though it is possible simply to recycle the production instead of logging wood. The brightest example of the advantage of recycling is the paper. The paper is made of wood and it is possible to produce the new paper with the help of the wastes of wood and the old unnecessary paper (old books, magazines, ads, etc). Recycling helps to save pure water, energy and additional resources for the production of the new goods. In addition, recycling not only saves resources, but also solves the problem of littering and waste management. Due to the opportunity to recycle nearly every product, the area of dumps reduces. Nowadays many countries even purchase wastes in other countries because they have recycled their own wastes. This policy is extremely useful for the natural environment, because prevents from the global littering and exhaustion of the valuable resources. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Recycling specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Recycling specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Recycling specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Recycling is the important and intensive decision which is able to improve the environmental situation on the planet and save great quantity of the natural resources. In addition, the planet will solve particularly the problem of pollution and littering. The student who is going to research the issue on recycling should study the problem professionally in order to make the research proposal informative, sensible and logical. One should persuade the professor in the relevance of the topic on recycling, demonstrate the methodology of the investigation, the literature involved into the process and the expected results of the research. One is obliged to focus on the importance of the problem and its usefulness for the discipline and the humanity. A research proposal is a good chance for the student to demonstrate his knowledge and writing skills about the chosen topic. One is able to pay attention to the free example research proposal on plastic recycling prepared by the experienced writer online. The strongest side of a free sample research proposal on recycling is a smart piece of advice for everyone who requires help with the composition of the text and analysis of the problem. At EssayLib.com writing service you can order a custom research proposal on Recycling topics. Your research paper proposal will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated PhD and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research proposal help at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all proposal details: Enjoy our professional research proposal writing service!

Gender Bashing essays

Gender Bashing essays The Mens Right Movement: Male is Not a Four-Letter Word Jack Kammers article seeks to point out that negative aspects have stemmed from the growing womens liberation movement. This article does a good job bringing to light the anti-male feelings that are sometimes associated with the word feminism. However, it does not really have a concrete basis that supports this authors opinions. Kammers article does share one concept common among some of the other critiques I have read on this man vs. women phenomenon. That is, without a factual base they tend to sound like simple complaints. I feel that articles such as these tend to take attention off of real problems that are embedded in our society. They also lead other reader to perceive the whole subject as a joke rather than a social science seeking solutions to real problems. Kammer does take the time to include some statistics on the many ways a mans life is worse than that of a women, but these can be quickly thrown out. For example, women have typically not been allowed to work in death professions. I am sure that as our society grows everyone will have an equal chance at these wonderful jobs. I found it appalling that he even objected to differential treatment of children in hostage situations. I have shared some of the same feelings that Kramer describes, but I tend to ignore those as just differences of opinion or an ignorant person speaking to quickly. His use of the media portraying men as secret admirer and blood brother to the gang rapist is useless. The media will do anything to sell their product. That is something we can all agree on. We as a society are the police force that must control the media. Refuse to buy their product and they will change. I agree with Krammer in that many feminists tend to focus on mens shortcomings as a way to further their cause. ...

Huckleberry Finn Rebel or Traitor Professor Ramos Blog

Huckleberry Finn Rebel or Traitor Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, ever since its publication, has been seen as one of the most controversial books in American history. In the American Library Association’s list for the Top 100 Banned/Challenged Books for 2000-2009, the novel placed at number fourteen (Top 100 Banned/Challenged Books: 2000-2009) . Coincidentally, the ALA’s same list for the 1990s also placed The Adventures of Tom Sawyer at number eighty-three (100 Most Frequently Challenged Books: 1990-1999). However, my main focus is to explain not only how much Huckleberry Finn has changed throughout the book but also how society has perceived the character throughout history. When we are introduced to Huck in this novel, he is not doing too bad for a thirteen (maybe fourteen) year old boy. Finn has become rich from his share of the treasure found at the end of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and also lives in a house and is getting an education at school. The two women he lives with, his guardian, the Widow Douglas and her sister, Miss Watson, attempt to civilize Huck and teach him about God and Christianity. Looking back at the beginning of the novel, I have already noticed a couple of interesting parallels – the two women attempted to civilize Huck into what society deemed acceptable, similar to Zitkala-Sa’s experience in the Indian boarding schools. However, it is important to note that Zitkala-Sa’s case had a more severe level of harshness than the attempted civilization for Huck . The second thingmay be a little more obvious Miss Watson tries to civilize Huck in a proper, Christian way yet Watson herself is a slave owner, something that was acceptable in the 1830-40s but would now be considered appalling for anyone, let alone a Christian. The part where everything goes wrong is when Huck’s father, only referred to as Pap, comes into the picture. Pap kidnaps his son and takes him to his cabin in the woods, isolated from society. Huckleberry is then subject to repeated beatings by his father until he cannot take it any more – he fakes his own death and flees to Jackson’s Island where he sees Jim, a black slave owned by Miss Watson who had fled from St. Petersburg after hearing that she was going to sell him for $800. Huck and Jim then leave Jackson’s Island after the former discovers that the town is searching for the latter. What is it that makes Huck change his mind about Jim at this point? Because, keep in mind that beforehand, Huck was perfectly fine with Jim’s status as a slave until now, deciding to help him escape. My answer to this question comes from a quote in the book: â€Å"Before night they wanted to lynch him, but he was gone, you see. Well, next day they found out the nigger was gone† (Twain and Levine). This line is spoken by Judith Loftus, a minor character that Huck has a conversation with shortly before he and Jim leave Jackson’s Island. If this quote is considered as a counterpart to this question, Huckleberry may have wanted to save Jim because he knew him – he did not want his friend to be lynched by the townspeople because of his faked death. Finn could have also felt guilty that the citizens were looking for Jim despite the fact that he had no way of knowing that they would pin his â€Å"murder† on this newly escaped slave. Tuire Valkeakari, in her academic journal Huck, Twain, and the Freedman’s Shackles: Struggling with Huckleberry Finn Today, claims that Jim could also connect with Huck at an emotional level: â€Å"A slave, Jim can relate, at a most personal level, both to the agony generated by uncertainty about a family member’s fate and to the fear of becoming a target of physical violence† (Valkeakari). When the two leave Jackson’s Island, these realizations could perhaps be why Huck no longer sees Jim as a slave. There are multiple scenes in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn where Huck proves his loyalty to Jim after Jackson’s Island: he apologizes to Jim after attempting to trick him into believing that the fog which separated them was just a dream; another time was when Huck lied to a man, saying that a black man was not onboard the raft. As the book progresses, Huck gets his share of life-changing experiences – he is practically adopted by the Grangerfords and then becomes emotionally scarred after witnessing the deaths of all the Grangerford men in a gunfight. Finn also sees a town drunk get shot in cold blood and deals with the Duke and the King, the latter situation also experienced by Jim. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has been the subject of criticism in two different ways: the first, â€Å"its hero a boy who smoked, loafed, and preferred the company of a runaway slave to Sunday School† (Levine). By the 21st century, the reason changed because the novel continually uses the word â€Å"n†. Even Huckleberry uses thisword throughout the book, so has he really changed? The pivotal moment where I believe Huckleberry truly changes is in the conclusion of the second part: he has the choice of either sending a letter to Miss Watson saying that he knows where Jim is and collecting the reward money for his capture or do nothing. This point in the book is similar to the other ones where Huck proves his loyalty to Jim, so what makes it so different? It is different because not only does Huck choose not to send the letter but he accepts the fact of going to Hell in his vow of freeing his black slave friend: â€Å" ‘All right, then, I’ll go to hell’- and tore it up† (Twain and Levine). In this moment, Huck has now seen Jim as he should truly be seen – as a human being with feelings and not property that can be chained or sold like an animal. It is also safe to say with certainty that God would not have sent Huck to Hell just because he helped free a slave. This is the definitive moment where Huck no longer sees Jim as a nigger. Huckleberry Finn, at the conclusion of the novel, would be seen as a traitor to his state because he helped free a slave. Society today would see him as a rebel who realized the system was wrong and decided to fight against it. This is probably why Huckleberry is not the main controversy associated with the novel as in the past and why the use of â€Å"n† has taken his place. Finn could also be seen as a symbol of America in terms of his journey – while he noticed how atrocious slavery was to the black people, (eventually) so did the United States. As for Jim, he may have achieved freedom but his struggle would undoubtedly continue: â€Å"The character Jim, to whom racial epithets are most often attached, remains a ‘nigger’ at the end of the novel but not a ‘slave’† (Smith). While Huckleberry now saw Jim as a person, other people would not give him that same leisure. In the time of the 1830-40s, black people would always be discriminated against, free or not. Racism against the African American people still continued after the Civil War in the 1860s and even today, people still see black people as an inferior race. If this were not true, The Klan and blackface would be racial blots of America’s past. 100 Most Frequently Challenged Books: 1990-1999. Advocacy, Legislation Issues, 18 July 2017, www.ala.org/advocacy/bbooks/100-most-frequently-challenged-books-1990–1999. Levine, Robert S. Critical Controversy: Race and the Ending of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The Norton Anthology of American Literature: Ninth Shorter Edition, Volume 2, W.W. Norton Company, 2017, p. 291. Smith, Cassander L. Nigger or Slave: Why Labels Matter for Jim (and Twain) in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Papers on Language Literature, vol. 50, no. 2, Spring 2014, p. 2, EBSCO Academic Search Complete. web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewerpdfviewer?vid=6sid=4465e805-38f8-40af-bca0-e179118fce22%40sessionmgr102. Accessed 18 Feb. 2019. Top 100 Banned/Challenged Books: 2000-2009. Advocacy, Legislation Issues, 18 July 2017, www.ala.org/advocacy/bbooks/top-100-bannedchallenged-books-2000-2009. Twain, Mark, and Robert S. Levine. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: â€Å"Chapter XI. The Norton Anthology of American Literature: Ninth Shorter Edition, Volume 2, W. W. Norton Company, 2017, p. 143, 242. Valkeakari, Tuire. Huck, Twain, and the Freedman’s Shackles: Struggling with Huckleberry Finn Today. Atlantis, vol. 28, no. 2, 1 Dec. 2006, p. 6, EBSCO Academic Search Complete . web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=5sid=fb9842de-dd13-4ed7-b764-646d48d671b3%40sessionmgr120. Accessed 18 Feb. 2019.